The implementation of `hy.core.language.exec` draws code from the `exec_` function in commit f574c7be6ebc80041ef58ca29588f310248ebed4 of the library Six, which is copyright 2010–2017 Benjamin Peterson and licensed under the Expat license.
Importing or executing a Hy file now loads the byte-compiled version if it exists and is up to date, and if not, the source is byte-compiled after it's parsed.
This change can speed up Hy a lot. Here are some examples comparing run times of the current master (491b474e) to this commit, on my laptop with Python 3.6:
- `nosetests --exclude='test_bin'` goes from 3.8 s to 0.7 s (a 5-fold speedup)
- `hy -c '(print "hello world")` goes from 0.47 s to 0.20 s (a 2-fold speedup)
- Rogue TV's startup goes from 3.6 s to 0.4 s (a 9-fold speedup)
Accompanying changes include:
- `setup.py` now creates and installs bytecode for `hy.core`, `hy.contrib`, and `hy.extra`.
- The `hyc` command under Python 3 now creates bytecode in `__pycache__`, as usual for Python 3, instead of putting the `.pyc` right next to the source file like Python 2 does.
I've removed a test of `hy.extra.anaphoric.a-if` that triggers #1268 when the test file is byte-compiled and then hits some weird `macroexpand` bug or something when I try to work around that—Nose crashes when trying to produce an error message, and I can't seem to replicate the bug without Nose.
I've added shadow versions of many operators that didn't have one. And, I've changed the behavior of various binary operators with more or fewer than 2 arguments to make the shadow and real versions more consistent and to make the behavior more logical in either case. For details, see the additions to NEWS and the new file tests/native_tests/operators.hy, which simultaneously tests shadow and real operators.
Although there are a lot of changes, I've put them all in one commit because they're interdependent.
This is no longer necessary now that `defn` always produces a `FunctionDef`.
To compensate, I've made small edits to two contrib modules and reverted a small test change.
The bug was a regression that I introduced in #1228.
I've created a new special form named `fn*` that works like the old `fn` (that is, it always creates a `FunctionDef`). Since this is intended only for internal use, like `with*`, I haven't documented it.
* Remove uses of `car` and `cdr` in /hy
* Remove uses of `car` and `cdr` in quote tests
* Remove `car` and `cdr` in favor of `first` and `rest`
I beefed up the documentation and tests for `first` and `rest` while I was at it.
I defined `car` and `cdr` in native_tests.cons so the tests read a bit more naturally.
