111 lines
2.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
111 lines
2.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
========
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defmulti
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========
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defn
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----
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.. versionadded:: 0.10.0
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``defn`` lets you arity-overload a function by the given number of
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args and/or kwargs. This version of ``defn`` works with regular syntax and
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with the arity overloaded one. Inspired by Clojures take on ``defn``.
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.. code-block:: clj
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=> (require [hy.contrib.multi [defn]])
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=> (defn fun
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... ([a] "a")
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... ([a b] "a b")
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... ([a b c] "a b c"))
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=> (fun 1)
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"a"
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=> (fun 1 2)
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"a b"
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=> (fun 1 2 3)
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"a b c"
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=> (defn add [a b]
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... (+ a b))
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=> (add 1 2)
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3
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defmulti
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--------
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.. versionadded:: 0.12.0
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``defmulti``, ``defmethod`` and ``default-method`` lets you define
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multimethods where a dispatching function is used to select between different
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implementations of the function. Inspired by Clojure's multimethod and based
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on the code by `Adam Bard`_.
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.. code-block:: clj
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=> (require [hy.contrib.multi [defmulti defmethod default-method]])
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=> (defmulti area [shape]
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... "calculate area of a shape"
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... (:type shape))
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=> (defmethod area "square" [square]
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... (* (:width square)
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... (:height square)))
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=> (defmethod area "circle" [circle]
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... (* (** (:radius circle) 2)
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... 3.14))
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=> (default-method area [shape]
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... 0)
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=> (area {:type "circle" :radius 0.5})
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0.785
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=> (area {:type "square" :width 2 :height 2})
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4
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=> (area {:type "non-euclid rhomboid"})
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0
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``defmulti`` is used to define the initial multimethod with name, signature
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and code that selects between different implementations. In the example,
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multimethod expects a single input that is type of dictionary and contains
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at least key :type. The value that corresponds to this key is returned and
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is used to selected between different implementations.
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``defmethod`` defines a possible implementation for multimethod. It works
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otherwise in the same way as ``defn``, but has an extra parameters
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for specifying multimethod and which calls are routed to this specific
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implementation. In the example, shapes with "square" as :type are routed to
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first function and shapes with "circle" as :type are routed to second
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function.
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``default-method`` specifies default implementation for multimethod that is
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called when no other implementation matches.
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Interfaces of multimethod and different implementation don't have to be
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exactly identical, as long as they're compatible enough. In practice this
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means that multimethod should accept the broadest range of parameters and
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different implementations can narrow them down.
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.. code-block:: clj
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=> (require [hy.contrib.multi [defmulti defmethod]])
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=> (defmulti fun [&rest args]
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... (len args))
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=> (defmethod fun 1 [a]
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... a)
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=> (defmethod fun 2 [a b]
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... (+ a b))
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=> (fun 1)
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1
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=> (fun 1 2)
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3
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.. _Adam Bard: https://adambard.com/blog/implementing-multimethods-in-python/
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