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@ -503,6 +503,64 @@ In Hy:
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address (models.TextField)
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address (models.TextField)
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notes (models.TextField)])
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notes (models.TextField)])
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Macros
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======
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One really powerful feature of Hy are macros. They are small functios that are
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used to generate code (or data). When program written in Hy is started, the
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macros are executed and their output is placed in program source. After this,
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the program starts executing normally. Very simple example:
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.. code-block:: clj
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=> (defmacro hello [person]
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... `(print "Hello there," ~person))
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=> (Hello "Tuukka")
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Hello there, Tuukka
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The thing to notice here is that hello macro doesn't output anything on
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screen. Instead it creates piece of code that is then executed and prints on
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screen. Macro writes a piece of program that looks like this (provided that
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we used "Tuukka" as parameter:
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.. code-block:: clj
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(print "Hello there," Tuukka)
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We can also manipulate code with macros:
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.. code-block:: clj
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=> (defmacro rev [code]
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... (let [op (last code) params (list (butlast code))]
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... `(~op ~@params)))
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=> (rev (1 2 3 +))
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6
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The code that was generated with this macro just switched around some the
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elements, so by the time program started executing, it actually red:
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.. code-block:: clj
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(+ 1 2 3)
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Sometimes it's nice to have a very short name for macro that doesn't take much
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space or use extra parentheses. Reader macros can be pretty useful in these
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situations (and since Hy operates well with unicode, we aren't running out of
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characters that soon):
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.. code-block:: clj
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=> (defreader ↻ [code]
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... (let [op (last code) params (list (butlast code))]
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... `(~op ~@params)))
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=> #↻(1 2 3 +)
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6
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Macros are useful when one wished to extend the Hy or write their own
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language on top of that. Many features of Hy are macros, like ``when``,
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``cond`` and ``->``.
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Hy <-> Python interop
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Hy <-> Python interop
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=====================
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=====================
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