103 lines
3.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
103 lines
3.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
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:banner: banners/security.jpg
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.. _reference/security:
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================
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Security in Odoo
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================
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Aside from manually managing access using custom code, Odoo provides two main
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data-driven mechanisms to manage or restrict access to data.
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Both mechanisms are linked to specific users through *groups*: a user belongs
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to any number of groups, and security mechanisms are associated to groups,
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thus applying security mechamisms to users.
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.. _reference/security/acl:
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Access Control
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==============
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Managed by the ``ir.model.access`` records, defines access to a whole model.
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Each access control has a model to which it grants permissions, the
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permissions it grants and optionally a group.
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Access controls are additive, for a given model a user has access all
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permissions granted to any of its groups: if the user belongs to one group
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which allows writing and another which allows deleting, they can both write
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and delete.
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If no group is specified, the access control applies to all users, otherwise
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it only applies to the members of the given group.
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Available permissions are creation (``perm_create``), searching and reading
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(``perm_read``), updating existing records (``perm_write``) and deleting
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existing records (``perm_unlink``)
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.. _reference/security/rules:
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Record Rules
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============
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Record rules are conditions that records must satisfy for an operation
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(create, read, update or delete) to be allowed. It is applied record-by-record
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after access control has been applied.
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A record rule has:
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* a model on which it applies
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* a set of permissions to which it applies (e.g. if ``perm_read`` is set, the
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rule will only be checked when reading a record)
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* a set of user groups to which the rule applies, if no group is specified
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the rule is *global*
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* a :ref:`domain <reference/orm/domains>` used to check whether a given record
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matches the rule (and is accessible) or does not (and is not accessible).
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The domain is evaluated with two variables in context: ``user`` is the
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current user's record and ``time`` is the `time module`_
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Global rules and group rules (rules restricted to specific groups versus
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groups applying to all users) are used quite differently:
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* Global rules are subtractive, they *must all* be matched for a record to be
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accessible
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* Group rules are additive, if *any* of them matches (and all global rules
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match) then the record is accessible
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This means the first *group rule* restricts access, but any further
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*group rule* expands it, while *global rules* can only ever restrict access
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(or have no effect).
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.. warning:: record rules do not apply to the Administrator user
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:class: aphorism
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although access rules do
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.. _reference/security/fields:
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Field Access
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============
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.. versionadded:: 7.0
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An ORM :class:`~odoo.fields.Field` can have a ``groups`` attribute
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providing a list of groups (as a comma-separated string of
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:term:`external identifiers`).
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If the current user is not in one of the listed groups, he will not have
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access to the field:
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* restricted fields are automatically removed from requested views
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* restricted fields are removed from :meth:`~odoo.models.Model.fields_get`
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responses
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* attempts to (explicitly) read from or write to restricted fields results in
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an access error
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.. todo::
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field access groups apply to administrator in fields_get but not in
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read/write...
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.. _foo: http://google.com
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.. _time module: https://docs.python.org/2/library/time.html
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